such instances the recommendation
affecting
individual
commodities must be adhered to.
Table 8. Characteristics of High - Tension Wire
Gauge
Diameter
Minimum joint strength
(B) All lumber used for blocking and bracing must be of
(in.)
(lb.)
sound material and free from defects that impair its strength or
8
0.1620
1,700
interfere with proper nailing.
10
0.1350
1,700
(C) Machines and other items having a high center of gravity
or narrow base must be secured to prevent them from tipping over
11%
0.1130
1,150
in transit.
12
0.1055
1,080
(D) When lift trucks are used for loading and unloading,
suitable steel plates must be placed in the car to prevent damage
Table 9. Characteristics of Common Annealed Wire
to the car floor.
(E) High-tension steel straps or wires securing the load must
Gauge
Diameter
Minimum breaking strength
be machine tensioned and sealed or twist tied.
(in.)
(lb.)
(F) Metal fillers, such as corner guards or plates, sufficient to
3
0.2500
2,200
provide a suitable radius, must be used to protect straps and wires
at all points on lading having sharp edges. They must be applied
7
0.1875
1,100
so as to prevent displacement.
8
0.1719
950
(G) Steel straps must be attached to car walls in accordance
9
0.1562
800
with the methods prescribed for the individual commodities in
11
0.1250
500
order to reduce to a minimum the possibility of anchor plates
pulling loose or steel straps shearing.
Table 10. Characteristics of Rods and Bolts
(H) The threads on rods or bolts used as bracing or blocking,
or in connection therewith, must be nicked immediately behind
single or double nuts to insure nuts remain in their original
Diameter
Minimum breaking strength
position. When only one or two threads extend beyond nuts, the
(in.)
(lb.)
ends of the rods or bolts must be riveted over. This is not required
5,200
when nut locks or lock nuts are used.
5/8
8,100
Note
3/4
11,700
Lockwashers are not acceptable substitutes.
7/8
16,200
(I) Where high-tension steel straps or high-tension wires are
1
21,100
specified in the detailed rules, they may be substituted for each
other, if of equal load strength, provided all the other items used to
1 1/8
25,800
secure the load are equal in number and strength.
1 1/4
32,800
(J) The proper combination of steel strap or wire and sealing
1 3/8
88,600
tools must be used to provide the minimum joint strength for sizes
1 1/2
46,900
tension straps, high-tension wire, common annealed wire, and 4.
Loading of Carload Shipments of Barrels, Drums, or
Kegs in Closed Railcars.
rods and bolts respectively.
a. General Information.
Rule 6. Doorway Protection.
(1) Shippers must observe carrier's rules regulating
Doorway protection must be provided when there is a the safe loading of freight and protection of equipment (Rule 27,
possibility of lading falling or rolling out the doorway or coming in
contact with side doors. Door openings must be protected with Section 3, Uniform Freight Classification) (app A).
adequately secured wooden doorway protection or metal ties of
(2) Cars selected for loading should be clean and
sufficient strength and number.
have sound floors, roofs, side and end walls, and be free from
protruding nails or other projections that might cause damage to
Table 7. Characteristics of High - Tension Straps
the lading.
Width and thickness
Minimum joint strength
(3) When the load extends into or through the
(in.)
(lb.)
doorway area or if the contents may move into the doorway
3/8 x 0.050
1,700
x 0.022
1,780
area, the doorways must be protected as shown herein.
x 0.025
1,780
(4) The use of good sound containers is important.
x 0.028
1,780
Carefully examine and recooper containers before loading if any
x 0.031
2,125
evidence of leakage or previous container damage is detected.
x 0.035
2,125
x 0.044
2,975
b. Loading.
x 0.050
2,975
(1) Ends of cars used for loading liquids or semi-
1 x 0.031
3,400
liquids in tightly coopered barrels or kegs must be prepared with
1 x 0.035
3,400
bilge protection as shown in figure 43, except when the floating
1 x 0.044
5,100
unit method is used and other means of bilge protection are
1 x 0.050
5,100
2 x 0.044
8,075
provided as described in paragraphs c(8) and c(9), below. The
2 x 0.050
8,075
application of this
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